In the last twenty-five years oil has brought sudden and spectacular wealth to the Arabian Gulf. Among the states to have benefitted from this windfall, Qatar is perhaps the most striking example. Less than half a century ago the country was in a desperate condition; the collapse of the pearl industry had left the local population almost destitute. Many people emigrated, leaving behind a few Bedouin tribesmen and fishermen trying to eke out a living in one of the most rugged parts of the Gulf. Then came oil in such quantities that Qatar is now per capita one of the richest countries in the world. This sudden wealth has transformed the place beyond recognition. Almost overnight the capital, Doha changed from a simple fishing village into a modern city. The work of construction goes on day and night, giving Doha the hectic atmosphere of a frontier town. Outside the city the barren desert is being turned into farmland and industry is being established for the future when the oil runs...